Zero Tolerance for Research Misconduct

The journal maintains zero tolerance for research misconduct. We strictly prohibit any of the following ethical violations:

• Data fabrication and falsification
• Image manipulation
• Duplicate submission and redundant publication
• Undisclosed conflicts of interest
• Honorary or ghost authorship

Authorship & Disclosures

All authors are required to have made a substantive intellectual contribution to the work. Furthermore, authors must fully disclose all funding sources and competing interests at the time of submission.

Handling Misconduct Allegations

Allegations of misconduct raised before or after publication are investigated by the Editor-in-Chief in consultation with the relevant mechanism-mapped Editor, following COPE flowcharts. Confirmed violations may result in rejection, correction, retraction, or formal notification to the author's institution.

Scientific Integrity & Nexus Verification

JSBOH's ethics review additionally verifies that the Nexus mechanism-linkage claimed by the authors is substantiated by the data presented. This verification is treated as a matter of both scientific integrity and strict scope compliance.