1 Initial Editorial Desk Review

Upon submission, the Editor-in-Chief or a designated section editor will perform a preliminary screening of the manuscript. At this stage, the submission is evaluated based on:

• Scope Fit: Alignment with the focal themes and research priorities of the journal.
• Basic Quality & Formatting: Adherence to the Author Guidelines and proper academic English phrasing.
• Plagiarism Screening: All manuscripts are rigorously screened for similarity index using Turnitin. Submissions exceeding the journal's maximum tolerance threshold will be rejected immediately (Desk Rejection).

2 Double-Blind Peer Review

Manuscripts that pass the initial desk review are assigned to a minimum of two (2) independent external expert reviewers who specialize in the respective field of study. Reviewers are given a specified period (typically 3–4 weeks) to critically evaluate the manuscript's methodology, empirical evidence, theoretical framework, clarity of results, and overall contribution to agricultural science and agribusiness.

3 Editorial Decision

Based on the detailed evaluation forms and constructive feedback provided by the reviewers, the handling editor will make one of the following final decisions:

• Accept As Is: The manuscript is accepted for publication without any further modifications.
• Minor Revisions: The authors are requested to address minor clarifications or structural adjustments before acceptance.
• Major Revisions: The manuscript requires significant revisions, additional data collection, or rewriting. Acceptance is conditional upon a secondary round of review.
• Reject: The manuscript contains fundamental flaws, insufficient contribution, or irrecoverable methodological issues, making it unsuitable for publication.

4 Final Approval and Production

If revisions are required, authors must submit the revised manuscript along with a detailed "Response to Reviewers" document within the stipulated deadline. The Editorial Board retains the final authority to officially approve the manuscript for typesetting, layout editing, and online publication.